Formula and Example of 16 Tenses

 

1. Simple Present Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta, atau kondisi saat ini.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + V1 (untuk subjek tunggal, tambah -s/-es)
  • Nominal: S + is/am/are + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She writes letters every day.
  • Nominal: He is a teacher.

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2. Present Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + is/am/are + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + is/am/are + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: He is studying right now.
  • Nominal: They are students.

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3. Present Perfect Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah selesai dan relevansinya dengan masa kini.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + have/has + V3
  • Nominal: S + have/has + been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: They have finished their homework.
  • Nominal: She has been a teacher for five years.

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4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + have/has been + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + have/has been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She has been reading for two hours.
  • Nominal: They have been friends since childhood.

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5. Simple Past Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah selesai di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + V2
  • Nominal: S + was/were + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
  • Nominal: He was a student last year.

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6. Past Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + was/were + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + was/were + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: They were playing soccer at 3 PM.
  • Nominal: She was a teacher at that time.

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7. Past Perfect Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + had + V3
  • Nominal: S + had been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She had left before I arrived.
  • Nominal: He had been a student before he graduated.

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8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang telah berlangsung sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + had been + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + had been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: They had been working for three hours when the rain started.
  • Nominal: She had been a teacher for ten years before retiring.

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9. Simple Future Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + will + V1
  • Nominal: S + will be + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: I will visit my friend tomorrow.
  • Nominal: They will be students next year.

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10. Future Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + will be + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + will be + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She will be studying at 8 PM.
  • Nominal: He will be a teacher next semester.

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11. Future Perfect Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + will have + V3
  • Nominal: S + will have been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: They will have finished the project by next week.
  • Nominal: She will have been a doctor for five years by then.

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12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan telah berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa depan.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + will have been + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + will have been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: He will have been working here for five years by next month.
  • Nominal: They will have been students at this university for four years.

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13. Simple Past Future Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + would + V1
  • Nominal: S + would be + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She said she would visit her grandmother.
  • Nominal: He said he would be a doctor.

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14. Past Future Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + would be + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + would be + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: They said they would be working at 8 PM.
  • Nominal: She said she would be a teacher that year.

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15. Past Future Perfect Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + would have + V3
  • Nominal: S + would have been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: He said he would have finished the report by Friday.
  • Nominal: She said she would have been a doctor by then.

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16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

• Kegunaan: Menyatakan tindakan yang akan telah berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
• Rumus:
  • Verbal: S + would have been + V-ing
  • Nominal: S + would have been + Complement (keterangan)
• Contoh:
  • Verbal: She said she would have been studying for three hours by the time the exam started.
  • Nominal: He said he would have been a teacher for a long time.